A working knowledge of introductory anatomy and physiology is assumed. The details of anatomy and physiology are organized around unifying concepts such as interrelationships of body organ systems, homeostasis, and the complementary nature of structure and function. Presentation of the material reflects hierarchical levels of complexity that contribute to the organization of the body as a whole and the students' understanding of this organization. Laboratory exercise are essential in adding students to apply theoretical concepts of anatomy and physiology.